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Track 20: Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy

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Track 20: Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy

Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Menopause marks the natural end of a woman’s reproductive years, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55. It is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months and is associated with a decline in estrogen and progesterone production.

Common Symptoms of Menopause:

  • Hot flashes and night sweats

  • Mood swings and irritability

  • Sleep disturbances

  • Vaginal dryness and discomfort

  • Decreased libido

  • Bone density loss and increased risk of osteoporosis

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT):

HRT is used to relieve moderate to severe menopausal symptoms by supplementing the body with estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen and progesterone.

Types of HRT:
  • Systemic HRT: Pills, patches, or gels that treat whole-body symptoms.

  • Local (vaginal) HRT: Creams, tablets, or rings that relieve vaginal and urinary symptoms.

Benefits of HRT:

  • Reduces hot flashes and night sweats

  • Improves sleep and mood

  • Prevents bone loss and fractures

  • Enhances vaginal health and sexual function

Risks and Considerations:

HRT may carry risks, such as an increased chance of blood clots, stroke, or certain cancers, depending on individual health factors. Therefore, therapy should be personalized based on the woman’s age, medical history, and symptom severity, with regular monitoring by a healthcare provider.